Turtle Island Park
Turtle Paradise

SABAH,  MALAYSIA

發掘沙巴海龜公園海龜令鐵漢變溫柔

updated:2003-01-19 13:35:45 MYT

 

 
■乘坐快艇去沙巴龜島公園。(放大)
 
■海龜交配。(放大)
 
■挖掘沙坑。(放大)
 
■西靈岸島鳥瞰圖。(放大)
 
■沙灘上留下許多海龜足跡。(放大)
 
■龜蛋孵化場。(放大)
 
■島上的渡假屋。(放大)
在黑暗中,許多遊客把小海龜放在沙灘上,讓它爬向大海。

大家的心情都很矛盾,既安慰又沉重。還孵化成功的小生命一個自由是好事,但小海龜在大海中遇襲的機率實在太高了,一下海是否就遭大魚果腹?這悲慘的結局總教人擔憂。
 


這幅引放畫面感人,是充滿愛心的一幕。從這幕愛心戲中,沙巴州山打根岸外外的西靈岸(Selingan Island)海龜島公園職員看到了遊客對小海龜憐愛有加的畫面,遊客也知道大馬政府對海龜呵護的愛心。

海龜放生
夜晚節目高潮


這海龜放生活動,是龜島公園夜晚節目的高潮。

在公園監護人員及導遊的引導下,遊客觀賞海龜登岸挖沙坑產蛋過程、參觀海龜孵化場。所有遊客除了迎接海龜新生命的降臨,抱著剛出世數天的小海龜“放生”,讓雛龜回歸大海、回歸自然。

蘇格蘭遊客尊尼紹說:“要不是到此一遊,還真無法想像大馬政府為免海龜絕種,竟然撥巨款及動員來保護它們。”

一名駐島軍人說:“善良的海龜會使鐵漢也變得溫柔。”

“它們常爬到軍營內與軍人同眠,有時就在我們的腳邊產蛋,沒有軍人會狠心地把它們一腳踼開。在它們面前,英雄無用武之地,槍桿也多餘……它們天生俱有啟發愛心的力量。”

午後,涼風習習,我遊遍沙巴州的海龜島嶼公園。

百思不解,這個平凡無奇卻又諸多限制的公園為何能令遊客趨之若鶩。

海龜公園
3個小島組成


這個公園是由西靈岸島(Selingan Island)、小柏弓岸(Bakkungan kecilisland)、古利沙安島(Gulisan Island)3個熱帶小島組成,總面積1740公頃,位於山打根去北40公哩外的海域,與菲律賓相毗鄰。

3個島嶼都很平凡,矮樹叢加上幾間小建築物,還有普通的海龜產孵場,直看橫看都不怎麼起眼,沙灘既不特別白淨,附近海域和珊瑚礁也不見得比沙巴的其他海域特別漂亮。

可最近1年多來,島上渡假屋夜夜客滿,一枝獨秀。即使是2000年4月發生了西巴丹跨國綁架案,它受歡迎的程度也絲毫不影響。

沙巴東海岸其他美麗的島嶼因治安問題而令遊客卻步,遊客大減,貌不驚人的海龜島嶼公園卻日益受歡迎,它到底有甚麼魅力?

島嶼公園職員都不願直接了當相告,個個皆神秘兮兮、異口同聲道:“稍安勿躁,天明之前你肯定會有答案!這答案不可言傳,只能意會。”

限制多多
未令遊客卻步


夜晚會有答案?這裡的遊客晚間不可隨處漫遊、不可在沙灘上舉行營火會,唱歌跳舞亦不准。公園內的動植物,就連非生物也禁止遊客擅自收集,該不會靜謐就是其吸引力吧?!

晚飯過後,導遊在西靈岸島的行政及展覽中心講解公園歷史與海龜的特點,並放映片段讓我進一步瞭解海龜產孵及成長的過程。

“1萬隻海龜中,只有1至3隻能排除萬難,有機會成長”、“沙巴是世界最大的海龜產孵區之一,也是其中一個最好的海龜研究處”、“海龜有終身記憶,而且念舊;在何處出生,只要那地方仍存在,它就會回到出生地傳宗接代”……

這些都是我前所未聞。那個晚上,我以遊客身份上了寶貴的一課,豐富了這方面的知識。就在這一刻,我才知道外貌平凡的海龜島嶼公園原來是個寶藏,蘊含著豐富的海底生命與知識。

這其實也是海龜島嶼被列為國家公園的最大原因。

3個島嶼
各有特色


西靈岸是海龜島嶼公園3個島嶼中的第2大島,面積約8公頃,島上椰樹茂盛,樹下長滿矮樹叢。

西靈岸島建有3間設備整全的渡假屋,每晚可接待20位遊客。

島上最佳的娛興節目是讓遊客觀賞和領略海龜產蛋的過程。

主要產蛋沙灘是島的東部和西南部,在靠近燈塔地帶。北部海岸多石,雖然環繞海島的是一望無際的海水,島上卻沒有自來水供,全靠天雨供給水源,雨水就儲藏在每間渡假屋的儲水箱裡 。

小柏弓岸島是3個島中最大的一個,也最接近菲律賓邊界,佔地8公頃半,東南面有很廣闊的海角。

小柏弓和另外2個島嶼不同的是,島中間部份有一個小丘;活火山泥不停地由地心噴泥漿,泥漿的成份是泥和水。島上長滿椰樹和茅草,北部和西部是青海龜最喜歡上岸產孵的沙灘。

古利沙安島是3個島嶼之中最小的一個,面積只有1.6公頃。海龜愛在北部和東部的沙灘產孵,也有一些在西南的海灘上岸。

最高紀錄
一晚生5000蛋


海龜島嶼公園名聞遐邇,盛產青海龜和鷹啄海龜。

龜島公園不像世界的其他產孵海灘,這裡的海龜一年從頭到尾都會上岸下蛋,只是數目多寡有別而已。旺季是在每年的7月到10月間,公園的最高紀錄是一晚有45隻海龜上岸生整5000粒蛋,淡季的產卵海龜每晚至少也有整15隻。

在一般情形下,待產海龜多半是在晚上7時30分或更晚時分游上3個島嶼。有時它們也會在凌晨5時到6時之間產蛋,通常整個產蛋過程約1小時。

海龜產孵的習慣大致可分為8個階段,即露出海面選擇上岸的方向、選擇必須高過海潮水位的產蛋地點、掃動鰭形肢挖掘身坑,然後坐進身坑、利用後鰭形肢挖蛋洞,深約12到18吋之間。

挖掘蛋坑後,海龜休息一會兒,就開始產蛋。生完蛋後,海龜用沙重新將洞填滿、把身坑也填平,掩藏功夫到家,使侵犯者不昜找到產蛋地點。

掩藏一切後,海龜返回深海。

在產蛋過程中,海龜的眼睛會流出一層無色粘液,旁人看了以為它在流淚,其實那是海龜眼旁雙腺的分泌物,只有當海龜離開海水時,才可以看到。

這些粘液有避免眼睛脫水和洗淨沙粒的功用,也有人認為這些“眼淚”協助牠排泄體內剩餘的(石+咸)份。

海龜每次產蛋數目不一,沙巴龜島公園的記錄是40到190粒之間。

海龜島嶼公園3個島嶼都設有孵化場,設在最高水位50呎處,四週圍上籬笆。

海龜下蛋後,公園職員就會儘快把蛋挖掘出來,然後移植到孵化場,放進深約30吋的洞裡,用沙覆蓋,再用鐵絲網圍住洞口,避免遭其他動物如老鼠及蚚蝪吞食或破壞海龜蛋。

每個龜蛋窩都插上一枝竹片,記錄收集日期、蛋數目及參考號碼等資料。

每窩蛋相距3呎,孵化50至60天後,雛龜就會從洞中爬出來。牠們通常是在夜晚風高氣爽當兒才出洞。這時的沙灘不再熱氣騰騰,可以減少因高熱而脫水的危險,也可減少在沙灘爬行時遇到侵犯者的機會。

為了減少雛龜遇害現象,引龜放生活動大都於凌晨或晚間在3島不同地點進行。

通常,被釋放的小海龜會在沙灘上亂闖,最終憑其天性向海爬去,可是到了海裡,仍會被大浪沖回沙灘,幾經磨難後,才能成功游進大海。

在茫茫大海裡,危機依然四伏,包括成為饑餓的魚類及鳥類裹腹品。至於海水污染、誤食塑膠袋或由污油變成的微細塔球,也會教小小生命結束。

青海龜的成長過程十分緩慢,要超過15年才能完全;鷹啄海龜則須10至20年。

海龜的生命在陸上開始,但一生都在海中生活,只有雌性海龜會在產孵時回到陸上,雄性海龜則在陸上絕跡。雖然如此,這種爬行動物卻不能在海呼吸空氣。

還有哩!海龜島嶼公園的海龜有素食者,也有肉食者,你說奇怪嗎?

如何前往海龜島嶼

欲到海龜島嶼公園的遊客可在山打根碼頭乘搭快艇前往。船程45分鐘至3小時之間,視船速而定。

船費是每名成人約馬幣100元、3至10歲的小童50元、5至6人團體500元、7至8人團體600元、9至10人團體700元、11至12人團體800元。

一般上,船隻是在上午10時30分開航。

膳宿方面,每人收費由125元至285元不等,視等級而定。在公園經營的Crystal Quest有限公司專為遊客提供膳宿服務,收費如下:

A等房一間及3餐,(L/D/B)雙人分享每人170元。
A等房一間及2餐,(L/D)雙人分享,每人155元。
A等房一間及2餐,(D/B)雙人分享,每人150元。
A等房一間及3餐,(L/D/B)單人分享,每人285元。
A等房一間及2餐,(L/D)單人分享,每人270元。
A等房一間及2餐,(D/B)單人分享,每人265元。
A等房一間(不用餐)230元。加一床位30元。

B等房一間及3餐,(L/D/B)雙人分享,每人145元。
B等房一間及2餐,(L/D)雙人分享,每人130元。
B等房一間及2餐,(D/B)雙人分享,每人125元。
B等房一間及3餐,(L/D/B)單人分享,每人235元。
A等房一間及2餐,(L/D)單人分享,每人220元。
B等房一間及2餐,(D/B)單人分享,每人215元。
B等房(不用餐)180元。加一床位30元。

沙巴州旅遊促進局聯絡電話:088-212121,電傳088-212075,網址:www.jaring.my/sabah (星洲日報/休閒天地‧報導:劉明珍‧2001/10/30)


External Links :
http://www.istc.org/sisp/index.htm?fx=event.detail&event_id=98869
 
contributed by Reza Azmi    http://wildasia.net/main/article.cfm?articleID=21
At one time, Rantau Abang (Terengganu), was one of the most famous sites in Malaysia to see nesting sea turtles. Chiefly, the Giant Leatherback turtles would return to this region to breed once a year. Sadly, due to the pressures from marine pollution, accidental killings in fish nets and hunting, the numbers of leatherbacks have diminished and even fewer return today to Rantau Abang. On the other side of Malaysia, in Sabah, pioneering efforts by the State Government in the 1960s has shown more encouraging results. By gazetting a marine park around a number of important turtle breeding sites and establishing a protected hatchery for turtle eggs, the Government of that time made an important step to safe guard the future of sea turtles. Today, the Turtle Island Park, Sandakan remains one of the premier sites in Malaysia to observe nesting sea turtles. The most common nesting sea turtle seen here are the Green Turtles.


Turtle Island Park consists of a number of uninhabited islands lying within the Sulu Seas, off the east coast of Sabah. Turtle Island, or Selingan Island, is the largest of these islands and has been developed to house the park's headquarters, a visitors centre, basic tourist facilities and a turtle hatchery. The other islands are usually off bounds to the casual visitor. The nearest mainland town to the park is Sandakan. This was the former capital of Sabah, and was once in the mid-1970s, the heart of a "seemingly" booming timber industry. The town today is probably most renown for the Orang Utan Rehabilitation Centre (Sepilok), which is located on its outskirts.

A boat trip from Sandakan to the Turtle Islands usually takes about an hour by speed boat. If you are lucky you might catch a glimpse of Irrawaddy Dolphins, which are bold creatures and are often found feeding within the Sandakan Bay. One thing that often strikes visitors is the stilt houses built over the shallow waters of the Sandakan Bay. This kind of community is common throughout the East Coat, and presumably is a cheap way to make a home, but where else would you stay when you earn a living from the sea. Upon approaching Selingan Island, don't be surprised if you cannot make out much signs of inhabitation on the island and begin to wander if you are being dumped on a deserted island! The island has been developed carefully, and the facilities are neatly tucked away in the centre of the island, keeping the beech vegetation intact.

Turtle landings usually occur after dusk. The park has a sensible policy of allowing visitors to see only one landing a night. This allows undisturbed nestings to go on throughout the night. Whilst waiting for the evenings highlight, all that is left to do is to laze around the beach or snorkel. The west side of the island is ideal for this. They are clean, quiet, and offer some interesting coral and sea life for a decent days snorkelling. Have a wander around the island and you'll be surprised how many turtles have landed in the last few days, their tracks, like mini-tractors, remain in the sand for a number of days. There is a small visitors centre, which is highly recommended, and is open later in the evening. You will not only learn about sea turtles but also of the different parks in Sabah and its unique nature.

The evening's programme begins after supper, when the wait for the first landing begins. If you are lucky this could be right after dessert! Once a landing has been sighted by the Park Rangers, the rangers will escort visitors to the nesting turtle. Remember not to shine your torchlight's on the nesting mother, as it is stressful on the turtle.

Once the eggs have been laid, the eggs are removed and planted at the same depth within the protected turtle hatchery. This is to ensure that wild predators, such as the monitor lizards, do not get to the eggs. After a period of incubation the eggs would hatch and the young turtles are released into the sea. These hatchlings will then have to fend for themselves until they are mature enough to mate and return back to the Turtle Islands.

Getting there

The best way to visit the Turtle Islands is through one of the many reputable tour companies in Sabah. Alternatively, and sometimes works out a little cheaper, is to go out with Corel Island Cruises which run a boat service to the island. The only difference is that you will be unguided. Turtles nest all year round, but the best times to visit the islands are between July and October when the seas are calmer. Apart from the Turtle Islands, the other attractions in the eastern region include the Orang Utan Rehabilitation Centre, Sepilok Forest Reserve, Australian War Memorial and further a field, the lower Kinabatangan river which is one of the best places to see a wide array of wildlife from the comfort of the boat!

Last Updated: 29 Apr 2002


  eTawau.com     April 19, 2006 09:45:20 AM

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 April 19, 2006 09:45:20 AM