7,588 km²10.3% of Sabah佔沙巴10.3%10.3% daripada Sabah
≈ 30%of Sabah’s people live here沙巴約三成人口居住於此penduduk Sabah tinggal di sini
4,095 mfrom the sea to Mount Kinabalu從海平面到京那巴魯山dari laut ke Gunung Kinabalu
2000Kinabalu Park a World Heritage Site京那巴魯公園列入世界遺產Taman Kinabalu Tapak Warisan Dunia
Sabah’s West Coast Division is a country of steep gradients. Within a morning’s drive you pass from mangrove mud at sea level, through flat wet-rice plains and river valleys, up to cool highland farms and a mountain of granite more than four kilometres high. Each of those steps has its own living community and its own way of farming — and that is what this page is about: the ecosystem, the fauna and flora, and the agriculture of the division.
Bahagian Pantai Barat Sabah ialah negeri yang curam gradiennya. Dalam masa satu pagi memandu, anda melalui lumpur bakau di aras laut, dataran padi sawah yang rata dan lembah sungai, hingga ke ladang tanah tinggi yang sejuk dan sebuah gunung granit lebih empat kilometer tinggi. Setiap peringkat mempunyai komuniti hidupan dan cara bertani sendiri — itulah isi halaman ini: ekosistem, fauna dan flora, dan pertanian bahagian ini.
Four questions, short answers四個問題，簡短回答Empat soalan, jawapan ringkas
What are the main ecosystems?主要有哪些生態系統？Apakah ekosistem utamanya?Five bands from the summit to the sea: mountain forest, foothill valleys, freshwater and peat swamp, mangrove and tidal flats, and reefs.由山頂到海邊的五個帶：山地森林、山麓河谷、淡水與泥炭沼澤、紅樹林與潮間帶、珊瑚礁。Lima jalur dari puncak ke laut: hutan gunung, lembah kaki bukit, paya air tawar dan gambut, bakau dan tanah pasang surut, serta terumbu.
What lives and grows here?這裡有哪些動植物？Apa yang hidup dan tumbuh di sini?Kinabalu Park alone holds 5,000–6,000 vascular plants and about 1,000 orchids; the plains and mangroves shelter proboscis monkeys, egrets and otters.僅京那巴魯公園就有5,000–6,000種維管束植物和約1,000種蘭花；平原和紅樹林則是長鼻猴、白鷺和水獺的家。Taman Kinabalu sahaja menyimpan 5,000–6,000 tumbuhan vaskular dan kira-kira 1,000 orkid; dataran dan bakau pula menjadi rumah monyet belanda, bangau dan memerang.
What is grown?種些甚麼？Apa yang ditanam?Wet rice on the plains (Kota Belud, Papar, Tuaran), vegetables on the cool highlands (Kundasang), tea, rubber, fruit, and fish from the coast.平原種水稻（古打毛律、吧巴、斗亞蘭）；涼爽高地種蔬菜（昆達山）；還有茶、橡膠、水果和沿海的漁獲。Padi sawah di dataran (Kota Belud, Papar, Tuaran), sayur di tanah tinggi yang sejuk (Kundasang), teh, getah, buah, dan ikan dari pantai.
Which district is which?各縣各有甚麼特色？Daerah mana yang bagaimana?Nine cards below: seven districts and two sub-districts, each with a photo or a placeholder where we still need one.下方九張卡片：七個縣和兩個副縣，各附照片；還缺照片的暫用插圖代替。Sembilan kad di bawah: tujuh daerah dan dua daerah kecil, setiap satu dengan foto atau ilustrasi sementara jika foto masih diperlukan.
1
The districts, one card each各縣一張卡片Daerah demi daerah, satu kad setiap satu
Each card gives one fact about the land, water or crops of that district, and links to its own eTawau page. Dashed cards are sub-districts.
每張卡片列出該縣土地、水域或作物的一項事實，並連到eTawau上該縣自己的頁面。虛線卡片是副縣。
Setiap kad memberi satu fakta tentang tanah, air atau tanaman daerah itu, dan memaut ke halamannya di eTawau. Kad bergaris putus-putus ialah daerah kecil.
Rice plain and river mouths稻米平原與河口Dataran padi dan muara sungai
Kota Belud古打毛律（Kota Belud）Kota Belud
The flat, wet Tempasuk plain is Sabah’s best-known rice country, with swamp forest and nipa behind the coast and mountains behind the plain.平坦濕潤的天巴蘇克（Tempasuk）平原是沙巴最著名的稻米產區；海岸後方有沼澤林和尼帕椰，平原後方則是群山。Dataran Tempasuk yang rata dan lembap ialah kawasan padi yang paling terkenal di Sabah, dengan hutan paya dan nipah di belakang pantai serta gunung di belakang dataran.
Tempasuk plains: 108.9 km², 0–3 m above sea level.天巴蘇克平原：108.9平方公里，海拔0–3米。Dataran Tempasuk: 108.9 km², 0–3 m dari aras laut.
Coastal plain and vegetable farms海岸平原與蔬菜園Dataran pantai dan ladang sayur
Tuaran斗亞蘭Tuaran
A coastal plain of padi and market gardens with tidal river mouths on its shore; one of the districts in Sabah’s padi-revival programme.濱海平原，有稻田和菜園，海邊是受潮汐影響的河口；也是沙巴稻米振興計劃的縣之一。Dataran pantai dengan sawah padi dan kebun sayur, serta muara sungai bertebing pasang surut; salah satu daerah dalam program menghidupkan semula padi Sabah.
Mangrove area not yet measured on eTawau — please tell eTawau.紅樹林面積eTawau尚未有量度數據——請告知eTawau。Keluasan bakau belum diukur di eTawau — sila maklumkan eTawau.
City mangrove and island reefs城中紅樹林與島嶼珊瑚礁Bakau bandar dan terumbu pulau
Kota Kinabalu亞庇Kota Kinabalu
A state capital with a living mangrove inside it at Likas, and five reef-fringed islands just offshore.一座首府城市，城內里卡斯（Likas）仍有活生生的紅樹林，離岸不遠還有五個珊瑚礁環繞的島嶼。Ibu negeri yang mempunyai hutan bakau hidup di Likas, dan lima pulau berterumbu tidak jauh dari pantai.
Tunku Abdul Rahman Park: five islands, about 50 km², gazetted 1974.敦姑阿都拉曼公園：五個島嶼，約50平方公里，1974年憲報公佈。Taman Tunku Abdul Rahman: lima pulau, kira-kira 50 km², diwartakan 1974.
A lowland district between Kota Kinabalu and Papar, upgraded from sub-district to district. What grows and lives here is still thin on eTawau.介於亞庇與吧巴之間的低地縣，由副縣升格為縣。eTawau上關於這裡的動植物和作物資料仍然很少。Daerah tanah rendah antara Kota Kinabalu dan Papar, dinaik taraf daripada daerah kecil kepada daerah. Maklumat tentang tumbuhan dan haiwan di sini masih sedikit di eTawau.
Please tell eTawau about local farms, fruit and wildlife.請把當地農場、水果與野生動物的資料告知eTawau。Sila maklumkan eTawau tentang ladang, buah dan hidupan liar di sini.
The Kadazan heartland, where wet-rice fields and the harvest festival belong together; also listed among Sabah’s vegetable-growing districts.卡達山人的故鄉，水稻田與豐收節密不可分；也被列為沙巴的蔬菜產區之一。Tanah air Kadazan, tempat sawah padi dan perayaan menuai saling berkait; turut disenaraikan antara daerah penanam sayur Sabah.
Photo and local crop figures wanted — please tell eTawau.徵求照片和本地作物數據——請告知eTawau。Foto dan angka tanaman tempatan diperlukan — sila maklumkan eTawau.
A river district with no large plantations: paddy fields, fruit orchards and fishing along the Papar River and the coast.一個河流縣份，沒有大型種植園：沿吧巴河和海岸是稻田、果園和漁業。Daerah sungai tanpa ladang besar: sawah padi, dusun buah dan nelayan di sepanjang Sungai Papar dan pantai.
1,243 km²; called the “Rice Bowl of Sabah”.1,243平方公里；號稱「沙巴的米倉」。1,243 km²; digelar “Mangkuk Beras Sabah”.
Old rubber estate, sub-district of Papar舊橡膠園，吧巴副縣Ladang getah lama, daerah kecil Papar
Kinarut吉那律（Kinarut）Kinarut
A coastal sub-district known for the Kinarut Rubber Estate, planted in 1910–11 — one of the early plantation crops of the West Coast.沿海副縣，以1910–11年開闢的吉那律橡膠園聞名——西海岸最早的種植作物之一。Daerah kecil pantai yang terkenal dengan Ladang Getah Kinarut, ditanam pada 1910–11 — salah satu tanaman ladang awal di Pantai Barat.
Mount Kinabalu and highland farms京那巴魯山與高原農場Gunung Kinabalu dan ladang tanah tinggi
Ranau蘭腦（Ranau）Ranau
The roof of the division: Kinabalu Park, with plant and animal life from lowland forest to bare granite, and highland tea, vegetables and avocado below it.全省的屋脊：京那巴魯公園，動植物從低地森林一路分布到裸露的花崗岩；山下則有高原茶園、蔬菜和酪梨。Bumbung bahagian ini: Taman Kinabalu, dengan hidupan daripada hutan tanah rendah hingga granit gondol, dan teh, sayur serta avokado tanah tinggi di bawahnya.
Kinabalu Park: 75,370 ha, 152–4,095 m, 6 vegetation zones.京那巴魯公園：75,370公頃，海拔152–4,095米，6個植被帶。Taman Kinabalu: 75,370 ha, 152–4,095 m, 6 zon tumbuhan.
Sabah’s vegetable basket, sub-district of Ranau沙巴的菜籃子，蘭腦副縣Bakul sayur Sabah, daerah kecil Ranau
Kundasang昆達山（Kundasang）Kundasang
Cool, high farmland under the mountain that supplies much of the state’s cabbage and other temperate vegetables, with dairy and avocado too.山下涼爽的高地農田，供應全州大量的高麗菜和其他溫帶蔬菜，也有乳牛場和酪梨。Tanah pertanian tinggi yang sejuk di bawah gunung, membekalkan banyak kubis dan sayur sederhana ke seluruh negeri, juga ladang tenusu dan avokado.
Called the “vegetable basket” of Sabah (Borneo Post, 2026).被稱為沙巴的「菜籃子」（婆羅洲郵報，2026）。Digelar “bakul sayur” Sabah (Borneo Post, 2026).
The division’s older descriptions also list Kimanis in the Papar area; it has no page of its own on eTawau yet. The exact number of districts depends on whether sub-districts are counted, so this page follows the districts that eTawau has pages for.
Huraian lama bahagian ini turut menyenaraikan Kimanis di kawasan Papar; ia belum mempunyai halaman sendiri di eTawau. Bilangan tepat daerah bergantung sama ada daerah kecil dikira, jadi halaman ini mengikut daerah yang mempunyai halaman di eTawau.
2
The ecosystem: from the summit to the sea生態系統：由山頂到海邊Ekosistem: dari puncak ke laut
Mountain forest山地森林Hutan gunungKinabalu and the Crocker Range京那巴魯山與克羅克山脈Kinabalu dan Banjaran Crocker
Foothill valleys山麓河谷Lembah kaki bukitRivers that feed the plains滋養平原的河流Sungai yang membekalkan dataran
Mangrove & tidal flats紅樹林與潮間帶Bakau & tanah pasang surutNursery of the coast海岸的育苗場Tapak semaian pantai
Reefs & islands珊瑚礁與島嶼Terumbu & pulauOffshore Kota Kinabalu亞庇外海Di luar Kota Kinabalu
A
Mountains: Kinabalu and the Crocker Range山地：京那巴魯山與克羅克山脈Gunung: Kinabalu dan Banjaran Crocker
The Crocker Range Biosphere Reserve, recognised by UNESCO in 2014, covers 350,584 hectares of land near Mount Kinabalu — the largest biosphere reserve in Sabah — made of mountains, hills and small basins cut by deep river valleys. Kinabalu Park, a World Heritage Site since 2000, covers 75,370 hectares and climbs from 152 to 4,095 metres through six vegetation zones; about 93% of it is still natural vegetation, and roughly 16% sits on ultramafic (metal-rich) rock, which grows its own special plants.
Rizab Biosfera Banjaran Crocker, diiktiraf UNESCO pada 2014, meliputi 350,584 hektar tanah berhampiran Gunung Kinabalu — rizab biosfera terbesar di Sabah — terdiri daripada gunung, bukit dan lembangan kecil yang dipotong lembah sungai yang dalam. Taman Kinabalu, Tapak Warisan Dunia sejak 2000, seluas 75,370 hektar dan naik dari 152 hingga 4,095 meter melalui enam zon tumbuhan; kira-kira 93% masih tumbuhan semula jadi, dan lebih kurang 16% terletak di atas batuan ultrabes (kaya logam) yang menumbuhkan tumbuhan istimewa.
Sources: UNESCO Malaysia (Crocker Range); UNESCO/IUCN evaluation of Kinabalu Park.資料：聯合國教科文組織馬來西亞（克羅克山脈）；京那巴魯公園的教科文／國際自然保護聯盟評估。Sumber: UNESCO Malaysia (Banjaran Crocker); penilaian UNESCO/IUCN Taman Kinabalu.
B
Rivers and foothill valleys河流與山麓河谷Sungai dan lembah kaki bukit
Streams from the Crocker Range and Mount Kinabalu run down to the coast through Kota Belud, Tuaran, Penampang and Papar. They carry the silt and fresh water that built the plains below, and the same water irrigates the rice. In Kota Belud, the Kadamaian River is a good example: in an eTawau comparison of photographs, river sand washed down from the upper river shows up as fresh bars between 2019 and 2022.
Anak sungai dari Banjaran Crocker dan Gunung Kinabalu mengalir ke pantai melalui Kota Belud, Tuaran, Penampang dan Papar. Ia membawa kelodak dan air tawar yang membina dataran di bawah, dan air yang sama mengairi sawah padi. Di Kota Belud, Sungai Kadamaian ialah contoh yang baik: dalam perbandingan foto eTawau, pasir yang dihanyutkan dari hulu muncul sebagai beting baharu antara 2019 dan 2022.
C
Swamp, grass and rice: the Tempasuk plains沼澤、草地與稻田：天巴蘇克平原Paya, rumput dan padi: Dataran Tempasuk
The Tempasuk plains in Kota Belud cover 108.9 km², lying only 0–3 metres above sea level. They mix a sandy beach with dunes, grazing land, freshwater and brackish swamp forest (including mangrove and nipa), mixed-grass swamp, wet-rice fields and open water. More than 50 waterbird species winter there, with up to 5,000 white egrets recorded, and the Endangered proboscis monkey and the Near Threatened Oriental small-clawed otter are listed. About a third of the plain, in the south, is farmed — mostly wet rice — and the rice fields are slowly spreading into natural swamp. A 2022 survey (published 2024) counted 25 proboscis monkeys along the Tempasuk River.
Dataran Tempasuk di Kota Belud seluas 108.9 km², hanya 0–3 meter dari aras laut. Ia menggabungkan pantai berpasir dengan bukit pasir, padang ragut, hutan paya air tawar dan payau (termasuk bakau dan nipah), paya rumput campuran, sawah padi dan air terbuka. Lebih 50 spesies burung air singgah pada musim sejuk, dengan sehingga 5,000 bangau direkodkan, dan monyet belanda (Terancam) serta memerang kecil bercakar (Hampir Terancam) disenaraikan. Kira-kira sepertiga dataran di selatan diusahakan — kebanyakannya padi sawah — dan sawah perlahan-lahan merebak ke paya semula jadi. Tinjauan 2022 (diterbitkan 2024) mengira 25 ekor monyet belanda di sepanjang Sungai Tempasuk.
Sources: Key Biodiversity Areas factsheet 16046 (Tempasuk plains); proboscis-monkey survey 2022, published 2024.資料：關鍵生物多樣性地區檔案16046（天巴蘇克平原）；長鼻猴調查（2022年，2024年發表）。Sumber: lembaran fakta Kawasan Biodiversiti Utama 16046 (Dataran Tempasuk); tinjauan monyet belanda 2022, diterbitkan 2024.
What threatens it?受到甚麼威脅？Apa ancamannya?
The same factsheet lists rice expanding into swamp, drainage plans, possible conversion to prawn farms, clearing of mangrove and nipa for villages, and bird hunting. It was last assessed in 2004 and has no legal protection (0% protected), so newer figures would be welcome — please tell eTawau.
Lembaran fakta yang sama menyenaraikan padi merebak ke paya, rancangan saliran, kemungkinan ditukar kepada ladang udang, pembersihan bakau dan nipah untuk kampung, serta pemburuan burung. Ia dinilai kali terakhir pada 2004 dan tidak dilindungi undang-undang (0% dilindungi), jadi angka terkini amat dialu-alukan — sila maklumkan eTawau.
D
Mangrove and tidal flats紅樹林與潮間帶Bakau dan tanah pasang surut
Mangroves hold the coast together. Their roots trap mud, steady the shoreline and soften waves; they store carbon and act as nurseries for fish, prawns and crabs. In Kota Kinabalu the Wetland Centre at Likas keeps a patch of this forest inside the city, with tangled stilt roots standing above the tidal mud. Across Sabah, mangroves also shelter proboscis monkeys, estuarine crocodiles, monitor lizards, mudskippers, fireflies and kingfishers; the main threats are land reclamation, coastal development, pollution and unsustainable aquaculture.
Bakau menyatukan pantai. Akarnya memerangkap lumpur, menstabilkan garis pantai dan melembutkan ombak; ia menyimpan karbon dan menjadi tapak semaian ikan, udang dan ketam. Di Kota Kinabalu, Pusat Tanah Bencah di Likas mengekalkan sebidang hutan ini di tengah bandar, dengan akar jangkang berselirat di atas lumpur pasang surut. Di seluruh Sabah, bakau turut melindungi monyet belanda, buaya muara, biawak, ikan belacak, kelip-kelip dan burung pekaka; ancaman utama ialah tambakan laut, pembangunan pantai, pencemaran dan akuakultur yang tidak mampan.
Sources: Borneo Post, “Mangroves in Sabah: guardians of the coast”; eTawau Wetland Centre page.資料：婆羅洲郵報〈沙巴紅樹林：海岸的守護者〉；eTawau濕地中心頁面。Sumber: Borneo Post, “Mangroves in Sabah: guardians of the coast”; halaman Pusat Tanah Bencah eTawau.
E
Reefs and islands珊瑚礁與島嶼Terumbu dan pulau
Offshore from Kota Kinabalu, Tunku Abdul Rahman Park protects five islands and the surrounding reefs, about 50 km², gazetted in 1974. One of its islands, Gaya, has a mangrove walk — a reminder that the reef, the mangrove and the mainland rivers are one connected system.
Di luar pantai Kota Kinabalu, Taman Tunku Abdul Rahman melindungi lima pulau dan terumbu sekelilingnya, kira-kira 50 km², diwartakan pada 1974. Salah satu pulaunya, Gaya, mempunyai laluan bakau — peringatan bahawa terumbu, bakau dan sungai daratan ialah satu sistem yang bersambung.
And next door?隔鄰呢？Dan di sebelah?
South of the division, on the Klias Peninsula (1,664 km², 0–52 m), mangrove, nipa, freshwater swamp and peat swamp forest hold the Endangered proboscis monkey, Storm’s stork and the estuarine crocodile; only about 25–30% of the forest at Binsulok remains. It is outside this division, but it shows what the West Coast wetlands looked like — and what is at stake.
Di selatan bahagian ini, di Semenanjung Klias (1,664 km², 0–52 m), bakau, nipah, paya air tawar dan hutan paya gambut menjadi rumah monyet belanda (Terancam), bangau Storm dan buaya muara; hanya kira-kira 25–30% hutan di Binsulok yang tinggal. Ia di luar bahagian ini, tetapi menunjukkan rupa tanah bencah Pantai Barat — dan apa yang dipertaruhkan.
3
Fauna and flora動物與植物Fauna dan flora
Because the division spans sea level to 4,095 metres, its plants and animals change with every few hundred metres of height. The best-counted place is Kinabalu Park; the plains and coast are known more from bird and monkey surveys than from full inventories.
Oleh kerana bahagian ini merangkumi aras laut hingga 4,095 meter, tumbuhan dan haiwannya berubah setiap beberapa ratus meter ketinggian. Tempat yang paling lengkap dikira ialah Taman Kinabalu; dataran dan pantai lebih dikenali melalui tinjauan burung dan monyet daripada inventori penuh.
Place地點Tempat
What is recorded有記錄的內容Apa yang direkodkan
Kinabalu Park京那巴魯公園Taman Kinabalu
5,000–6,000 vascular plants; about 1,000 orchids; 9 pitcher plants (Nepenthes); 326 birds; 90 lowland and 22 montane mammals, including 4 primates.5,000–6,000種維管束植物；約1,000種蘭花；9種豬籠草（Nepenthes）；326種鳥類；低地哺乳動物90種、山地22種，包括4種靈長類。5,000–6,000 tumbuhan vaskular; kira-kira 1,000 orkid; 9 periuk kera (Nepenthes); 326 burung; 90 mamalia tanah rendah dan 22 mamalia gunung, termasuk 4 primat.
Crocker Range and its surroundings克羅克山脈及周邊Banjaran Crocker dan sekitarnya
101 mammal, 259 bird, 47 reptile, 63 amphibian and 42 freshwater fish species; two endemic Rafflesia; the orangutan, sun bear and clouded leopard are among the Endangered species listed.101種哺乳動物、259種鳥類、47種爬行動物、63種兩棲動物和42種淡水魚；兩種特有的大花草（Rafflesia）；名單上的瀕危物種包括紅毛猩猩、馬來熊和雲豹。101 mamalia, 259 burung, 47 reptilia, 63 amfibia dan 42 ikan air tawar; dua Rafflesia endemik; orang utan, beruang madu dan harimau dahan antara spesies Terancam yang disenaraikan.
Tempasuk plains, Kota Belud古打毛律天巴蘇克平原Dataran Tempasuk, Kota Belud
50+ wintering waterbirds; up to 5,000 white egrets; Oriental darter, black-headed ibis and Malaysian plover sighted; proboscis monkey and small-clawed otter.50多種過冬水鳥；多達5,000隻白鷺；曾見到東方蛇鳥、黑頭白鷺鶿和馬來鴴；另有長鼻猴和小爪水獺。50+ burung air musim sejuk; sehingga 5,000 bangau; Oriental darter, black-headed ibis dan Malaysian plover pernah dilihat; monyet belanda dan memerang kecil bercakar.
Mangroves and coast紅樹林與海岸Bakau dan pantai
Proboscis monkeys, estuarine crocodiles, monitor lizards, mudskippers, fireflies, kingfishers; fish, prawns, crabs and molluscs in the mud and channels.長鼻猴、河口鱷、巨蜥、彈塗魚、螢火蟲、翠鳥；泥灘和潮溝裡有魚、蝦、蟹和貝類。Monyet belanda, buaya muara, biawak, ikan belacak, kelip-kelip, burung pekaka; ikan, udang, ketam dan moluska di lumpur dan alur.
Sources: UNESCO/IUCN evaluation of Kinabalu Park; UNESCO Malaysia (Crocker Range); Key Biodiversity Areas factsheet 16046; Borneo Post on mangroves. The fern count in the Kinabalu source is inconsistent, so no fern figure is given.資料：教科文／國際自然保護聯盟對京那巴魯公園的評估；聯合國教科文組織馬來西亞（克羅克山脈）；關鍵生物多樣性地區檔案16046；婆羅洲郵報的紅樹林報導。京那巴魯來源中的蕨類數字前後不一，故不列出蕨類數目。Sumber: penilaian UNESCO/IUCN Taman Kinabalu; UNESCO Malaysia (Banjaran Crocker); lembaran fakta KBA 16046; Borneo Post tentang bakau. Bilangan paku-pakis dalam sumber Kinabalu tidak konsisten, maka tiada angka paku-pakis diberikan.
A plant to remember值得記住的植物Satu tumbuhan untuk diingati
Pitcher plants. Of Borneo’s many species, Kinabalu Park alone records nine Nepenthes; they grow on poor, often ultramafic soils where ordinary plants struggle, and catch insects in their jugs for the nutrients the soil lacks.
Periuk kera. Antara banyak spesies di Borneo, Taman Kinabalu sahaja merekodkan sembilan Nepenthes; ia tumbuh di tanah miskin, sering ultrabes, tempat tumbuhan biasa sukar hidup, dan menangkap serangga dalam bekasnya untuk zat yang tiada dalam tanah.
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Agriculture農業Pertanian
Agriculture is about 15–17% of Sabah’s economy (Borneo Post, June 2026), and the West Coast farms in bands that follow the ecosystem: rice on the wet plains, vegetables and tea on the cool highlands, and fish from the sea.
Pertanian menyumbang kira-kira 15–17% ekonomi Sabah (Borneo Post, Jun 2026), dan Pantai Barat bertani mengikut jalur ekosistem: padi di dataran lembap, sayur dan teh di tanah tinggi yang sejuk, dan ikan dari laut.
Plains平原DataranWet rice (padi)水稻（Padi）Padi sawahKota Belud and Papar are named as key rice districts; Tuaran joins them in a padi programme that aimed to restore 7,392 ha of abandoned fields and had restored 437.57 ha by July 2025. Papar calls itself the “Rice Bowl of Sabah”.古打毛律和吧巴被列為主要稻米產區；斗亞蘭也加入稻米計劃，目標是恢復7,392公頃荒廢稻田，截至2025年7月已恢復437.57公頃。吧巴自稱「沙巴的米倉」。Kota Belud dan Papar dinamakan daerah padi utama; Tuaran menyertai program padi yang menyasarkan pemulihan 7,392 ha sawah terbiar dan telah memulihkan 437.57 ha menjelang Julai 2025. Papar menggelar diri “Mangkuk Beras Sabah”.
Highlands高地Tanah tinggiVegetables蔬菜Sayur-sayuranKundasang is the state’s “vegetable basket”. A crop-zoning report also lists vegetables in Papar, Penampang and Tuaran.昆達山是全州的「菜籃子」。一份作物區劃報告也把吧巴、柏南旺和斗亞蘭列為蔬菜產區。Kundasang ialah “bakul sayur” negeri. Laporan pewilayahan tanaman turut menyenaraikan sayur di Papar, Penampang dan Tuaran.
Highlands高地Tanah tinggiTea, dairy and avocado茶、乳牛與酪梨Teh, tenusu dan avokadoRanau has the Sabah Tea Garden, and highland Kundasang has a dairy farm; avocado is grown in Kundasang and Ranau.蘭腦有沙巴茶園，高地昆達山有乳牛場；昆達山和蘭腦也種酪梨。Ranau mempunyai Kebun Teh Sabah, dan Kundasang tanah tinggi mempunyai ladang tenusu; avokado ditanam di Kundasang dan Ranau.
Coast海岸PantaiOrchards and fishing果園與漁業Dusun dan perikananPapar has no big plantations: paddy is joined by orchards and fishing. Mangroves in turn feed the fishery as nurseries — one reason to keep them.吧巴沒有大型種植園：稻田旁有果園和漁業。紅樹林則是魚蝦的育苗場，滋養漁業——這是保育紅樹林的理由之一。Papar tiada ladang besar: padi disertai dusun buah dan perikanan. Bakau pula menjadi tapak semaian yang menyuburkan perikanan — satu sebab untuk memeliharanya.
History歷史SejarahRubber橡膠GetahThe Kinarut Rubber Estate was planted in 1910–11, an early example of plantation crops on the West Coast.吉那律橡膠園於1910–11年開闢，是西海岸早期的種植園作物例子。Ladang Getah Kinarut ditanam pada 1910–11, contoh awal tanaman ladang di Pantai Barat.
These crops are linked. Rice needs the river water that the Crocker Range and Mount Kinabalu supply; the highland farms sit above the same watersheds, so what is sprayed or washed off them ends up downstream; and the swamps and mangroves at the bottom feed the fisheries. Protecting the forest at the top and the mangrove at the bottom is also protecting the farms in between.
Tanaman ini berkait rapat. Padi memerlukan air sungai yang dibekalkan Banjaran Crocker dan Gunung Kinabalu; ladang tanah tinggi terletak di atas lembangan yang sama, jadi apa yang disembur atau dibasuh akan sampai ke hilir; dan paya serta bakau di bawah menyuburkan perikanan. Memelihara hutan di puncak dan bakau di pantai bermakna melindungi ladang di antaranya.
Sources: Borneo Post, 22 June 2026 (agriculture share; key rice districts; Kundasang; avocado); Newswav, 7 July 2025 (padi programme); New Straits Times crop-zoning report; eTawau pages on Papar, Kinarut, Sabah Tea Garden and the Kundasang dairy farm.資料：婆羅洲郵報，2026年6月22日（農業佔比；主要稻米產區；昆達山；酪梨）；Newswav，2025年7月7日（稻米計劃）；新海峽時報作物區劃報導；eTawau的吧巴、吉那律、沙巴茶園和昆達山乳牛場頁面。Sumber: Borneo Post, 22 Jun 2026 (sumbangan pertanian; daerah padi utama; Kundasang; avokado); Newswav, 7 Jul 2025 (program padi); laporan pewilayahan tanaman New Straits Times; halaman eTawau tentang Papar, Kinarut, Kebun Teh Sabah dan ladang tenusu Kundasang.
Please tell eTawau請告知eTawauSila maklumkan eTawau
We still need figures and photographs for the rice fields of Penampang and Putatan, the fruit orchards of Papar, mangrove areas in Tuaran, and local fisheries. If you farm, fish or study any of these, please tell eTawau.
Kami masih memerlukan angka dan foto untuk sawah padi Penampang dan Putatan, dusun buah Papar, keluasan bakau di Tuaran, dan perikanan tempatan. Jika anda bertani, menangkap ikan atau mengkaji mana-mana daripadanya, sila maklumkan eTawau.
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Sources資料來源Sumber
UNESCO / IUCN, evaluation of Kinabalu Park — area, altitude range, vegetation zones, plant, bird and mammal counts; inscribed 2000.
The Borneo Post, 22 June 2026 — agriculture’s share of Sabah’s GDP; key rice districts; Kundasang; avocado.
Newswav, 7 July 2025 — padi programme in Kota Belud, Tuaran and Papar; 437.57 ha restored of a 7,392 ha target.
New Straits Times — crop zoning (rice in Kota Belud; vegetables in Kundasang, Papar, Penampang and Tuaran).
Proboscis-monkey survey along the Tempasuk River (2022, published 2024) — 25 individuals.
eTawau pages: the old West Coast Division page (7,588 km²; 10.3%; about 30% of Sabah’s population), Papar, Kinarut, Wetland Centre, Ranau, Kundasang, Sabah Tea Garden and Tunku Abdul Rahman Park (about 50 km², five islands, 1974). Photographs by eTawau; Mount Kinabalu view by eTawau.
